How crypto tax works in Russia
Law 418-FZ classifies digital currency as property: disposal gains face 13% to RUB 2.4 million yearly and 15% above, on sale-minus-documented-cost bases.
Mining income arises at disposal-rights acquisition valued at market prices, entering progressive 13% to 22% scales with expense deductions and FTS reporting.
Anti-double-tax mechanics exclude taxed mined value from later sales, VAT exempts mining and sales but not services, and 3-NDFL filings close the year.
Tax rates at a glance
- Crypto gains tax
- 13% / 15%
- Annual threshold
- RUB 2.4m
- Mining income
- 13% - 22%
- VAT treatment
- Exempt
- Filing form
- 3-NDFL
- Non-residents
- 30%
Who benefits most
These profiles tend to benefit most when the rules match their real residence, payroll and business setup.
Active tradersMinersLong-term holdersExpatsFounders
Watch out for
- Undocumented costs convert gains tax into proceeds tax, since deductions need bank-backed acquisition proof beyond exchange dashboards.
- Three-year property exemption explicitly excludes digital currency, so holding duration never shelters crypto disposals.
- Mining bans apply in defined regions and seasons, layering criminal and energy exposure over tax duties.
- Sanctions constrain exchange access and fiat rails, which complicates valuations and documentation simultaneously.
Frequently asked questions
How is crypto taxed in Russia?
Disposal gains face 13% to RUB 2.4 million and 15% above on documented sale-minus-cost bases. Mining income enters progressive 13% to 22% scales at receipt.
Is mining VAT-exempt in Russia?
Yes for mining and direct sales, though related services stay taxable. Anti-double-tax mechanics exclude taxed mined value from later sales.
When do Russians file crypto gains?
Through 3-NDFL by April 30 with payment by July 15, using bank-backed cost documentation rather than dashboard histories.