How capital gains tax works in Netherlands
The Netherlands does not use one universal CGT rate for individuals. If you hold a substantial interest of 5% or more in a company, dividends and capital gains generally fall in Box 2. For 2026, Box 2 is 24.5% on the first EUR 68,843 per person and 31% above that.
Ordinary portfolio shares, funds and many other investments are usually taxed in Box 3 on a deemed return, not on the actual realised gain each time you sell. That can be better or worse than classic CGT depending on real performance.
Gains connected to a business or professional trading activity can be pulled into Box 1 and taxed at ordinary progressive rates. Property and company restructurings need a facts-specific analysis.
Tax rates at a glance
- Box 2 lower rate
- 24.5%2026
- Box 2 higher rate
- 31%
- Box 2 threshold
- EUR 68,843
- Portfolio / Box 3
- 36% on deemed return
- Business gains
- Box 1 rates
Who benefits most
These profiles tend to benefit most when the rules match their real residence, payroll and business setup.
InvestorsFoundersShareholdersExpatsFamily offices
Watch out for
- Crossing the 5% substantial-interest line changes the entire tax logic from Box 3 to Box 2.
- Box 3 can tax you in a year when markets fall, because the system is built around deemed returns and asset values.
- Emigration can create exit-tax style charges on substantial interests.
- Crypto and other assets need careful classification between investment Box 3 treatment and business Box 1 treatment.
Frequently asked questions
Does the Netherlands tax capital gains?
Yes, but not through one flat CGT rate. Substantial shareholdings use Box 2, while many portfolio investments are taxed through Box 3.
What is the Box 2 capital gains rate?
In 2026 Box 2 is generally 24.5% up to EUR 68,843 and 31% above that, per taxpayer.
Are stock-market gains taxed when I sell?
Often not as a classic disposal gain. Many listed portfolio holdings are covered by the Box 3 wealth-based investment system instead.